Critical Thinking, Logic and Reason- A Practical Guide for Students and Academics精品.pdfVIP

Critical Thinking, Logic and Reason: A Practical Guide for Students and Academics Dr Jason Braithwaite© 2006 {Behavioural Brain Sciences Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK, B15, 2TT} Overview: Thinking critically, clearly, and most likely destinations when evaluating effectively is not an easy process. Critical claims for scientific truth. Critical thinking thinking is not a natural way to reason is thinking clearly, thinking fairly, thinking about the world. These skills, like any rationally, thinking objectively, and other, require considerable thought, effort thinking independently. It is a process and practise. It is both surprising and that hopefully leads to an impartial unfortunate that few academic Universities investigation of the data and facts that actually provide students with explicit remains unswayed by irrelevant emotions. courses directed at developing critical The aim is to arrive at well reasoned, thinking skills and the tools of logic and considered, and justifiable conclusions. reason. Contemporary university courses Thinking critically is an ability to engage tend to concentrate on teaching students with the evidence, to consider and to “what” to think and not “how ” to think. evaluate the evidence (the type of Despite their intelligence, many students evidence, the quality of evidence, etc) and researchers often fail dramatically at from multiple and relevant competing knowing how to construct a well reasoned sources. and logical argument. This document is a Ideas that have come through practical guide for both students and scientific inquiry and the processes of