糖代谢 英文版.pptVIP

* 25 * PPP :Pantose phosphate pathway * 26 * 6-磷酸葡萄糖酸内酯 * 27 * * 差向异构酶 * * * 28 * * * * * Glucose-1-phosphate * * * * 3 * * 10 * * 6 * * 异端碳原子或异头碳 甘油醛、二羟基丙酮、核糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、核酮糖、果糖 乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖 肝糖原、淀粉、纤维素、壳糖、粘多糖 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * chitin * * ,ɡlis?’r?ldihaid] 甘油醛 * [pai‘ru:veit] * 胰高血糖素 * 甘露糖，半乳糖 异柠檬酸脱氢酶 其他的酶都是在线粒体基质中 * Key enzymes of gluconeogenesis PEP carboxykinase Pyr carboxylase Fructose-bisphosphatase Glucose-6-phosphatase F-2,6-BP activates PFK-1, but inhibits FBPase-1 The level of F-2,6-BP is controlled by the relative activity of PFK-2 and FBPase-2, which are located in one polypeptide chain and whose activities are regulated by glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation. (2) Regulation of gluconeogenesis by substrate cycle Substrate cycle底物循环: The interconversion互变现象 of two substrates catalyzed by different enzymes for single direction reactions is called “substrate cycle”. The substrate cycle produces net hydrolysis of ATP or GTP.------futile cycle无效循环 Regulation of Gluconeogenesis★ 3. Significance of gluconeogenesis Replenishment补给 of Glucose by Gluconeogenesis and Maintaining Normal Blood Sugar Level. Replenishment of Liver Glycogen. Regulation of Acid-base Balance. 4、Lactic acid (Cori) cycle Lactate, formed by the oxidation of glucose in skeletal muscle and by blood, is transported to the liver where it re-forms glucose, which again becomes available via the circulation for oxidation in the tissues. This process is known as the lactic acid cycle or Cori cycle. prevent acidosis；reused lactate Lactic acid cycle Summarize for Gluconeogenesis★ What is gluconeogenesis? Gluconeogenesis is not merely the reverse of glycolysis. Four reactions are unique to gluconeogenesis How gluconeogenesis is regulated? Why gluconeogenesis is important? Questions Gluconeogenesis is ( ) A The formation of glycogen B The formation of starches C The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrates D The formation of glucose from othe