人类活动对森林林冠的影响国际林冠学大会会议.docVIP

人类活动对森林林冠的影响——第六届国际林冠学大会述评 宋 亮1，刘文耀1,2* ( (1 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室，昆明 650223； 2 School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, Perch WA 6845, Australia) 摘要：林冠学是20世纪70年代国际上新兴的一个研究领域。本文综述了林冠学的发展及历届国际林冠学大会的概况。重点介绍了第六届国际林冠学大会，本届会议的主题是：人类活动对森林林冠的影响Anthropogenic Influence on Forest Canopies —— Overview on the 6th International Canopy Conference SONG Liang1, LIU Wenyao1, 2* 1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, P. R. China 2 School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 6845, Australia Abstract: Forest canopy science has been developed as a new research field since 1970s. The development of forest canopy science and general history of International Canopy Conference (ICC) had been reviewed first, and then the 6th ICC had been introduced. The theme of the 6th ICC is “The Anthropogenic Impact on the Canopy”. The conference addresses four main topics: the effects of human influence on epiphytic life; the effects of climatic change on canopy life; the impact of harvesting on canopy life; the impact of land use changes on the diversity and richness of the canopy. Additionally, the conference includes a general section, which comprises presentations on different aspects of canopy life, for example, taxonomy, ecology, and evolution. Important revelations in terms of the 6th ICC had been discussed in the end. Key Words: anthropogenic activity; canopy; climate change; epiphyte; land use change 背景介绍 林冠是森林与大气相互作用的关键生态界面，在生态系统生物多样性形成与维系，物质、能量交换过程中发挥着重要的作用[1]。过去由于受技术、认识水平及其它方面的限制，人们对森林林冠的了解甚少。近20多年来，随着全球变化、生物多样性和生态系统生态学研究的深入，人们对林冠中丰富的附生生物多样性及其功能产生了浓厚的兴趣。目前，国际上对林冠的概念，已从过去简单的森林顶层或冠层（Roof of the forest）发展为包括森林中的所有叶片、枝条、小枝以及各种附生的有机体及其枯死残留物的总和，也即森林中地表以上的所有植冠的集合[2]。林冠是一个适合于许多生物种类生存的场所，其数量比想象的更为丰富。在全球范围内估计有29 500余种附生植物，其中维管束附生植物的种类高达24 000种，约占总维管束植物种类的10％[3]，林冠附生物质的生物量范围在105～44000 kg．hm-1之间[1]，其中在一些热带和温带天然老龄林中林冠附生物的生物量甚至超过了宿主林木的叶生物量。从上个世纪7