2014欧洲能源市场现状及发展趋势.pdf

Trends and Developments in European Energy Markets 2014 Table of Contents 1. Energy position of the EU 3 1.1. EU energy consumption 3 1.1.1. Gross Inland Consumption 3 1.1.2. Uses of energy sources by sector 3 1.1.3. Energy intensity 5 1.2. EU energy supply 7 1.2.1. EU primary energy production 7 1.2.2. EU electricity generation 7 1.2.3. EU energy imports 8 1.2.4. EU import dependency 9 2. Recent developments in the European wholesale markets of natural gas 11 3. Recent developments in the European wholesale markets of electricity 23 2 1. Energy position of the EU 1.1. EU energy consumption 1.1.1. Gross Inland Consumption Gross inland consumption decreased by 4% between 2010 and 2012. Crude oil and petroleum products continued to dominate the energy mix, although their share decreased from 35.1% to 33.8%. Gas consumption decreased both in absolute and relative terms against feeble economic performance, weak electricity demand and growing role of solid fuels and renewables in the power sector. The quantity of gas consumed went down by 11%, reaching 393 mtoe in 2012 and the share of gas declined from 25.1% in 2010 to 23.4%. Nuclear energy retained its share, with the quantity consumed declining from 236.6 mtoe in 2010 to 227.7 mtoe in 2012. Two energy sources saw an increase in consumption and share: solid fuels and renewables. Solid fuel consumption increased from 280 mtoe in 2010 to 293 mtoe in 2012, its share growing from 15.9% to 17.5%. Renewables consumption went up from 172.1 mtoe in 2010 to 184.4 mtoe in 2012, its share growing from 9.8% in 2010 to 11% of gross inland consumption in 2012. Figure 1. EU-28 gross inland consumption (as % of total Mtoe) in 2012 Source: Eurostat (preliminary data for 2012)