笔译技巧与实践全套教学课件.ppt

笔译技巧与实践 郑意长，韩子钰 上篇 汉译英 第一单元 词语的翻译 教学目标 本单元首先从词语的增加、删减和转换三方面使学生掌握词语汉英翻译的基本技巧，而后从颜色词、动植物词、数字词、委婉语和叠词等方面提高学生词语翻译的实战能力，使学生能在语言、文化、社会生活等多角度系统掌握词语的汉英翻译。 第一节 词语的增加 一、增词的基本技巧 （一）出于语法结构需要的增词： 1.增补代词 （1）凭舟望去，远处是黛色群山和五彩斑斓的田野。 Leaning against the boat, you can see dark green mountains and gorgeous fields in the far distance. （2）接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very happy to have received your letter. 2.增补连词 （1）虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. （2）姐姐在等我，我得走了。 My sister is expecting me, so I must be off now. 3.增补介词 （1）我们应当逐步消灭城乡差距。 We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country. （2）你是白天上班还是夜晚上班？ Do you work in the daytime or at night? 4.增补冠词 （1）耳听音，鼻嗅味，舌尝味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is for smelling and the tongue for tasting. （2）我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能妥善解决。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before solving. （二）出于语义或修辞需要的增词 1.增加原文中暗含但在译入语中必须明说的语义。 （1）大家都知道战场是艰苦的。 Everyone knows that the life on the battlefield was rather hard. （2）十二年的延安时光，他已适应了当地的风土和季节。 In twelve Yenan years he had fitted himself to the land and the rhythm of its seasons. 2.汉语里有时不用表明事物属性的概括性词语、范畴性词语，但译成英语时却往往需要将其增补进去。 （1）要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. （2）对凭借行业垄断和某些特殊条件获得个人额外收入的必须纠正。（《十五大报告》） We must correct the malpractice of individuals obtaining extra incomes by taking advantage of sectoral monopoly and some special privileges. ( 《中国日报》) 二、文化差异与增词 （一）典故、谚语 1. 班门弄斧 Show off one‘s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban，the master carpenter. 2. 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。 The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang， the master mind. (二)政治文化词语 1. 文化大革命十年，只看八个样板戏不也活过来了嘛。 During the ten years of the Cultural Revolution(1966-1976), we only had eight “model operas”, didn‘t we? 2. “三个代表”重要思想是对马克思主义的新贡献。 Three Represents is the new contribution made to Marxism.( three represents :represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive for