翻译技巧第六讲讲解材料.pptVIP

翻译技巧与实践;从广义上说，任何反说转正说和正说转反说以及任何相反概念的转译都属于这种译法。如hunger march----反饥饿游行，terror war-----反恐战争，dust mask---防尘罩，tear test----抗拉扯实验, the head of the story------故事的后面等都属于广义的正反译法。而今天讨论的主要指带有否定词的正反翻译。英语中含有no，not，never，none，un-，-less，im-，in-，ir-等成分的词句，都被视为否定表达，简称反说。相反，英语中不含这些成分的词句称为肯定说法，简称正说。汉语中含有“不”，“没”，“未”，“休”，“莫”，“非”，“否”，“勿”等也都是否定表达。在翻译中通常都可以保留原文的否定表达，但有时为了表达更为顺畅，符合目的语的表达方法，或为了增强语言效果，有时反说正译，或正说反译。 ;一．反说正译：原文从反面表达，译文从正面表达 我们将正译法的使用大致分为三类。 （一）祈使句中的否定说法有时正译，因为说话人想表达的常常是一个正面的意义。 No smoking! 严禁吸烟 No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 凭票退还押金。 Don’t lose time in posting this letter. 赶快把这封信寄出去。 ;（二）双重否定正译。 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要永远抱乐观态度。 The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us. 这件事引起了我们的重视。 Such mistakes couldn’t long escape notice. 这类错误迟早会被发觉的。 Elliott was too clever not see that many of the persons who accepted his invitation did so only to get a free meal and that of these some were stupid and some worthless. 艾略特是一个聪明人。他定能看得出许多接受他邀请的人只是为了来吃一顿不花钱的饭。他知道这些人有的愚不可及，有的则微不足道。 ;（三）有些否定表达在译成汉语时，为了符合目的语的语言习惯，则需使用正译法。 The examination left no doubt that the patient died of cancer. 检验结果清楚地表明病人死于癌症。 Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more important than this personal, interior sense of right and wrong. 即便如此，我仍坚持认为，对个人而言，最重要的莫过于这种根植于个人心灵深处的是非感. Hitler’s undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with world-wide condemnation. 希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为受到全世界的谴责。 Mr. Rumsfeld said the Soviet Union was unprecedentedly engaged in a missle-building program. 拉姆斯菲尔德说，苏联正以空前的规模推行制造导弹的计划。 ;二．正说反译： （一）英语中很多词本身就含有否定意义，beyond, absent, stop, bad, avoid, exclude, except, doubt, resistant, refuse, few, little, 这类词在翻译中要译出它的含有的否定意义。 The window refuses to open. 窗户打不开。 Children were excluded from getting in the building. 孩子不许进入这幢楼房。 Such a chance denied me. 我没有得到这个机会。 The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释站不住脚。 I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 我有一些信件没有及时答复。 Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly slee