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Hybrid Systems in Automotive Electronics Design Andrea Balluchi§ Luca Benvenuti¶ Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli§† Abstract Automotive is certainly one of the most attractive and promising application domains for hybrid system techniques. Some successful hybrid system applications to model development and control algorithm design have already been reported in the literature. On the other hand, despite the significant advances achieved in the past few years, hybrid methods are in general still not mature enough for their effective introduction in the automotive industry design processes at large. In this paper, we take a broad view of the development process for embedded control systems in the automotive industry with the purpose of identifying challenges and opportunities for hybrid systems in the design flow. We identify critical steps in the design flow and extract a number of open problems where, in our opinion, hybrid system technology could play an important role. 1 Introduction The design of electronic control systems in the automotive industry is particularly challenging due to a number of factors. A first factor of difficulty is the high complexity of the subsystems that compose the car and have to be operated and monitored by the control system: e.g. the engine, the electrical motor/generator in hybrid vehicles, the driveline, the vehicle body, the suspensions, the brakes, the exhaust gas treatment system, etc. Such subsystems often exhibit very complex behaviors and interact tightly one another. Furthermore, the design of next–generation x–by–wire applications (driving, steering, braking) requires accurate management of the involved interactions between the control system and the driv