国际商务_International Business_chapter_3.pptVIP

International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities An Example of Joint Venture Advantages: share costs and risks, gain access to needed resources, gain economies of scale, and pursue long-term strategic goals. Hitachi formed a joint venture with MasterCard to promote a smart card system (Multos) for banking and other applications. BP partnered with the state-controlled Hindustan Petroleum Corporation in India. The new venture built a $3 billion refinery in Punjab and established a joint marketing business, including a network of retail service stations around India. International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities An Example of Project-Based Collaboration Cisco Systems has expanded much of its operations through strategic alliances with key foreign players. With Japan’s Fujitsu to jointly develop routers and switches that enable clients to build Internet protocol networks for advanced telecommunications. In Italy, Cisco teamed with the telecommunications company Italtel to jointly develop network solutions for the convergence of voice, data, and video to meet growing global demands. In China, Cisco formed an alliance with telecommunications company ZTE to tap the China and Asian markets. International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities Distribution Channel Intermediary Specialize in physical distribution and marketing service; connect the focal firm with the end user in the foreign market. Assist the focal firm by providing logistics services such as warehousing and customer support. Especially critical to exporters who do not establish foreign presence themselves. Are based either in the home country or the foreign market. International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities Intermediaries Based in the Foreign Market Distributor: Takes title to the exporter’s goods and performs marketing functions such as sales, promotion, and after sales service. Serving as the extension of the firm