reaction mechanisms for the limited reversibility of li–o2 chemistry in organic carbonate electrolytes.pdfVIP

Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011) 9631–9639 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Power Sources j o u r n a l h o m ep a g e: w w w. elsev /locate/jpow sour Reaction mechanisms for the limited reversibility of Li–O2 chemistry in organic carbonate electrolytes Wu Xu a,∗ , Kang Xu b , Vilayanur V. Viswanathan a , Silas A. Towne a , John S. Hardy a , Jie Xiao a , Zimin Nie a , Dehong Hu c , Deyu Wang a,1, Ji-Guang Zhang a,∗∗ a Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States b Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, United States c Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The Li–O2 chemistry in nonaqueous liquid carbonate electrolytes and the underlying reason for its limited Received 26 May 2011 reversibility was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction data showed that regardless of discharge Received in revised form 28 June 2011 depth lithium alkylcarbonates (lithium propylenedicarbonate (LPDC), or lithium ethylenedicarbonate Accepted 29 June 2011 (LEDC), with other related derivatives) and lithium carbonate (Li CO ) are constantly the main discharge 2 3 Available online 6 July 2011