[工程科技]1 Six Sigma Training Data Summary.pptVIP

* Decision Rules 判断准则 * Estimation and Confidence Intervals 估计和置信区间 * Summary of Estimators and Confidence Intervals 估计和置信区间描述 * Introduction To Hypothesis Testing 假设检验简介 * Hypothesis Testing – Learning Objectives 假设检验 – 学习目标 ? Perform a hypothesis test to determine whether 2 Variables are independent 进行假设检验确定两个变量是否独立 ? Interpret the P-value to determine whether an observed difference is real. 理解 P 值, 确定发现的差异是否真实 * Hypothesis Testing – Learning Objectives 假设检验 – 学习目标 The actual hypotheses to be tested consist of two complementary statements, Null hypothesis (H0) Alternative hypothesis () 实际进行假设检验时, 假设包含两个互补的陈述, 即 零假设 (H0) 备选假设 (Ha) Alternative hypothesis is also know as Research Hypothesis 备选假设也叫研究假设 For example: 例子 H0 – Population mean oxide thickness IS equal to 200 angstroms. H0 – 氧化物平均厚度等于 200 angstroms Ha – Population mean oxide thickness is NOT equal to 200 angstroms Ha – 氧化物平均厚度不等于 200 angstroms * How to Conduct Hypothesis Test 进行假设检验的步骤 A. State both the Ho and Ha. 建立零假设和备选假设 B. Determine the level of significance, α 决定显著性水平 α C. Take a representative sample of data randomly. 随机抽取具有代表性的样本. D. Compute the P – value. 计算 P 值 E. Compare the P – value to the level of significance, α 比较 P值和显著水平, α F. Draw Conclusion 得出结论 * Types of Hypothesis Tests 假设检验类型 The test to be used depends on the type and distribution of the data and what comparison we want to make. 选择何种检验决定于数据的分布类型和比较的类型 * Situation 1 情况 1 Testing the Equality of … 检验是否相等 A Population Mean to a target Value 检验整体均值和目标数值是否相等 * Large vs. Small Samples 大样本和小样本 For hypothesis testing with variable data … 对计量型数据进行假设检验时: ? The sample size is considered large when n 30. 抽样数量 n30 时, 就算是大 ? The sample size is considered small when n ≤ 30 抽样数量 n ≤ 30时,就算是小 * Testing a Mean: Large Samples 一个均值检验: 大样本 The 1-sample Z test is used