REPRODUCTION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT - Great 生殖和胚胎发育的大.docVIP

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REPRODUCTION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT - Great 生殖和胚胎发育的大.doc

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REPRODUCTION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT - Great 生殖和胚胎发育的大.doc

REPRODUCTION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Sexual and asexual reproduction are both common among animals REPRODUCTION ( the creation of new individuals from existing ones ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ( creating of offspring whose genes all come from one parent without the fusion of egg and sperm BUDDING ( splitting off of new individual from existing ones FISSION ( one individual separates into two of about equal size FRAGMENTATION ( breaking of parent body into several pieces Must be accompanied by REGENERATION REGENERATION ( regrowth of body parts SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ( the creation of offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells GAMETES ( sex cells (n) ZYGOTE ( fertilized egg (2n) SPERM ( male gamete OVUM (UNFERTILIZED EGG) ( female gamete HERMAPHRODITISM ( organism has both male and female reproductive systems Aids non-mobile and solitary organisms; helps in finding mates EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION ( fusion of gametes outside of body INTERNAL FERTILIZATION ( fusion of gametes inside of body COPULATION ( sexual intercourse Reproductive anatomy of the human female OVARIES ( each about an inch long, with a bumpy surface FOLLICLES ( consist of single developing egg cell surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells that nourish and protect the developing egg cell Follicle cells produce estrogen A woman is born with 40,000 – 400,000 follicles; only several hundred get released OVULATION ( process that ejects the egg cell from the follicle; occurs about every 28 days CORPUS LUTEUM ( forms after ovulation, remaining follicular tissue grows within ovary to form a solid mass Secretes progesterone; hormone that helps maintain uterine lining If egg is not fertilized, corpus luteum degenerates OVIDUCT ( a.k.a. FALLOPIAN TUBE; leads the egg to the uterus; this is where fertilization actually occurs UTERUS ( a.k.a. WOMB; actual site of pregnancy; only about 3 inches in a woman who has never been pregnant but can expand ENDOMETRIUM ( inner lining of the uterus; embryo gets implanted h