11.11.30分词.ppt

The Participle (分词) * * 一、分词与动名词的区别 分词——定 / 状 / 补 / 表 动名词——主 / 宾 / 表 / 定 sleeping bag sleeping baby (The bag is used for sleeping.表用途) (The baby is sleeping.表状态) 二、分词做定语，源于定语从句 a crying boy polluted air 现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别 = a boy who is crying(谓语主动) ①~ing 主动, 正在进行/经常动作 ~ed 被动, 过去/完成动作 ②表情类用~ed eg. a satisfied look = air that has been polluted(谓语被动) developing country developed country boiling water boiled egg freezing weather frozen food English-speaking country spoken English falling leaves fallen leaves the meeting being held the meeting held the meeting to be held 正在召开的 已经召开的 将要召开的 现在分词、过去分词、不定式做定语意义不同。 昨天发生的事故 the accident happening/happened yesterday the accident that happened yesterday happening做定语，只指现在正在进行的 the disasters happening all over the world × 不是所有的定语从句都可以用分词代替。 三、分词做状语，源于状语从句或并列句，逻辑主语必须一致 做时间状语 = When/While/As soon as… 做原因状语 = Because/As… 做条件状语= If/Once/Unless… 做伴随状语 (后置) = and (sb) did/was doing… 5. 做方式、结果、让步等其他状语 现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别 The boy came in, crying/surprised. = and he was crying/ he was surprised. 并列句 Being so excited, I couldn’t go to sleep. = Because I was so excited,… Given more time, I can do it better. = If I’m given more time,… 伴随状语 原因状语 条件状语 Seeing the snake, she let out a cry. = When she saw the snake,… Although disappointed, he didn’t say a word. = Although he was disappointed,… 时间状语 让步状语 1. 逻辑主语必须一致 Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes. Hearing the news, she burst into tears. When she heard the news, tears came to her eyes. × 简单句(一主一谓) 复合句(两主两谓) 2. 主动用~ing, 被动用~ed He entered, wearing a jacket / dressed in uniforms. Sitting / Seated in the corner, I can’t hear you. She found her ring missing / gone. 重点:词的用法 3. 动作先于谓语用having done/having been done，常有for+一段时间或twice等提示词 Having finished the job, he had a rest. = After he finished/had finished the job,… After finishing the job 是介词+动名词结构 Having been surrounded by the flood for three days, we are short of food. = Surrounded b