语法专项复习九.doc

语法专项复习九：动词不定式不定式构成: 由to＋动词原形构成。在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。 动词不定式的时态、语态时态语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式 主动形式（not) to do（not) to be doing（not) to have done（not) to have been doing被动形式（not) to be done( not) to have been done / (1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如： Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party. It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)时态 1) ：表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.　我希望再见到你。 2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 3) 进行式： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行式： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. III. 疑问词＋不定式结构疑问词接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如： When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语） Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语） The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语） 动词不定式的语法功能 动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。 一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Its our duty to take good care of the old. 　　How long did it take you to finish the work? 　　Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 二、作宾语 1) 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford，agree，aim, arrange，ask，attempt， choose，claimdecide，demand，determine，expect，fail，help，hesitate，hope， manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，prove，refuse，swear，tend，threaten，undertake，volunteer，wantwish 举例：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 　　I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 )当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：