[英语学习]1 Brief Introduction to English Rhetoric.pptVIP

Metaphors are generally more complicated and much more involved than similes. Metaphors require greater ability on the part of the reader to make out the hidden association or insight. Like similes, metaphors can also be used for three purposed: description, illumination and illustration. 1.2.3 Descriptive The hallway was zebra-striped with darkness and moonlight. (Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.) 1.2.4 Illuminative The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure （肥料）. (Thomas Jefferson) 自由之树常以爱国者和暴虐者的血液来浇灌方能生机勃勃郁郁葱葱。双方的血是它的天然肥料 1.2.5 Illustrative Only, from the long line of spray （浪花） Where the sea meets the moon-blanched （使变白）land, Listen! you hear the grating(令人不快的） roar Of pebbles (卵石） which the waves draw back, and fling （扔）, At their return, up the high strand （海滩、岸）, Begin, and cease, and then again begin, With tremulous cadence（节奏） slow, and bring The eternal note of sadness in. Sophocles （古希腊三大悲剧诗人之一）long ago Heard it on the Aegean, and it brought Into his mind the turbid （浑浊的，混乱的） ebb and flow Of human misery; we Find also in the sound a thought, Hearing it by this distant northern sea. (Mathew Arnold: Dover Beach) 1.2.6 extended metaphor进喻 In an extended metaphor, there is usually a basic comparison which is developed in such a way that every new stage of its elaboration（阐述） throws new light on the subject. All the worlds a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages... 大千世界是个舞台， 所有男男女女不外是戏子； 各有登场和退场， 一生扮演着那么些角色， 七样年龄分七幕。 (W. Shakespeare: As You Like It) (The basic comparison in this famous passage is The world is like a stage.) 1.2.7 Sustained Metaphor 博喻 The sustained metaphor is a special type of English metaphors——it usually uses two (or more) vehicles（喻体） to describe the tenor (本体）. It is ‘a metaphor which is d