[医学]人体解剖 关节.pptVIP

Joints between radius and ulna Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 Distal radioulnar joint桡尺远侧关节: formed by head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius and an articular disc Interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜: a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulna 桡腕关节(radiocarpal joint) 组成：桡骨下端腕关节面尺骨头下方的关节盘构成的关节窝与三块腕骨 关节盘；关节囊松弛，两侧有腕桡侧副韧带和腕尺侧副韧带；关节头是一个整体。 运动：屈、伸、收、展和环转 下肢骨的连接 下肢带连接： 髋骨间的连接：耻骨联合、耻骨间盘、耻骨弓 Joints of Lower limb 髋骨和骶骨的连接 Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节 Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments Vertebropelvic ligaments ★ Sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带: ★ Sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带: the greater and lesser sciatic foramina 坐骨大、小孔 骨盆(pelvis) 组成：骶骨、尾骨和左右髋骨以及关节和韧带 分部：骨盆以界线为界 大骨盆(greater pelvis) 小骨盆(lesser pelvis) Lesser pelvis 小骨盆 pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line): Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口: 骨盆腔 Main difference between male and femal pelvis Main difference between male and femal pelvis Female Male Pelvic inlet Pelvic outet Pelvic cavity Pubic arch 90~1000 70~750 Main difference between male and femal pelvis Male Female 外形 Narrow and long Wide and short 骨盆上口 More vertical More horizontal 耻骨弓 Acute angle (about 70~750) Right angle (about 90~1000) 骨盆腔 Deep narrow Shallower, wide ★髋关节(hip joint) 组成：髋臼和股骨头 Accessory structures Acetabulum labrum髋臼唇; Ligaments 关节囊紧张而坚韧 关节囊外有韧带加强Iliofemoral lig. 髂股韧带 Pubofemoral lig. 耻股韧带 Ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带 关节囊内有 Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带 运动：屈、伸、收、展、旋内、旋外和环转 股骨颈骨折 ★膝关节(knee joint) 组成：股骨内外侧髁、胫骨内外侧髁和髌骨 特点： 1关节囊薄而松弛，外有韧带加强。髌韧带、腓侧副韧带、胫侧副韧带 2囊内有韧带加强。前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带 3内侧半月板和外侧半月板 4ala folds翼状襞 5肌腱附着处有滑膜囊髌上囊 运动：屈、伸运动。在半屈 位时，可作小幅度的旋内旋外 Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节 Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连接 Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜 距小腿关节(talocrural joint )：又称踝关节(ankle joint) 组成：胫、腓骨下端与距骨滑车 特点：关节囊前、后壁松驰，两侧有韧带加强 Ligments Medial lig.内侧韧带 Lateral lig.外侧韧带 Anterior talofibular lig. 距腓前韧带 Calcaneofibular lig.跟腓韧带 Posterior t