分散処理论2.PPT

ＮＣ論２ * ネットワークコンピューティング論Ⅱ 平成21年度　後期 火曜　第２時限（１０：４０－１２：１０） 吉永　努（ＵＥＣ) yosinaga@is.uec.ac.jp ＮＣ論２ * 内 容 分散?並列処理計算機における相互結合ネットワークとその上でのメッセージ?ルーティング技法などについて学ぶ 資料　http://comp.is.uec.ac.jp/yoshinagalab/yoshinaga/dp2.html http://www.gap.upv.es/slides/AppendixE.html TA: Ａｘｉｄａ君　axida@sowa.is.uec.ac.jp * References T. M. Pinkston and J. Duato: Interconnection Networks, Appendix E in Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 4th Edition, Morgan Kaufmann publishers (2006). J. Duato, S. Yalamanchili, L. Ni: Interconnection Networks - an Engineering Approach-, IEEE CS press (1997) 同第2版, Morgan Kaufmann publishers (2003) 富田眞治：　並列コンピュータ、昭晃堂（1996） W.D. Dally, B. Towles: Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks, Morgan Kaufmann publishers (2003) ＮＣ論２ ＮＣ論２ * What is an interconnection Network? It is a programmable system that transports data between terminals, such as processors and memory. It is programmable in the sense that it makes different connections at different points. It is a system because it is composed of many components: buffers, channels, switches, and controls that works together to deliver data. ＮＣ論２ * Interconnection Network (1/2) P M Interconnection Network Multicomputer P M P M ＮＣ論２ * Interconnection Network (2/2) P M Interconnection Network UMA type shared memory multiprocessor It is also called dance-hall architecture. P M P M ＮＣ論２ * Trend Its performance is increasing with processor performance at a rate of 50% per year. Communication is a limiting factor in the performance of many modern systems. Buses have been unable to keep up with the bandwidth demand, and point-to-point interconnection networks are rapidly taking over. ＮＣ論２ * Computer Classifications (%) 2008/06 2007/06 2006/06 MPP 19.6 21.4 19.6 Cluster 80.0 74.6 72.8 Others 0.4 4.0 7.6 / share of the TOP500 June, 2008 – June, 2006 ＮＣ論２ * Examples of MPPs processor Topology #proc. NECEarth-Simulator Original- vector 1GHz (8GFlops) 640 x 640