非正规与正规的转帐——金融服务或金融犯罪【外文翻译】.docVIP

外文题目：Informal and Formal Money Transfer: Financial Service or Financial 出 处：International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 作 者：Shahid Nawaz,Roddy McKinnon and Robert Webb 原 文： Informal and Formal Money Transfer: Financial Service or Financial Crime Shahid Nawaz,Roddy McKinnon and Robert Webb INTRODUCTION Prior to the events of 11th September,2001,inter-national cooperation in the field of global financial crime prevention was already well established.Prompted by separate initiatives led by the United Nations Organisation and the Basel Committee inthe late 1980s,the creation in 1989 of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering(FATF) by the G7 countries set in place an international body to coordinate anti-money laundering measures across 26 countries and jurisdictions.Subsequently,and prompted by the creation of the FATF,other regional interstate organisations in western and eastern Europe,across the Americas and the Caribbean,and also in Asia,have drafted similar anti-money laundering standards for their respective countries In turn,these interstate regulatory initiatives havebeen complemented by parallel business led voluntary initiatives,such as the example of the Wolfs berg Anti-Money Laundering Principles designed to promote greater transparency across the banking sector. The core policy objectives of the FATF and the subsequent regional offshoots and business led initiatives has been to improve the effectiveness of criminal justice systems,devise efficient financial system regulations and follow these with effective law enforcement in order to combat money laundering activities.However,combating increasingly transnational money laundering activities presents significant regulatory and law enforcement challenges.As Moulette has reported,citing figures from the IMF,the scale of money laundering worldwide could be somewhere betwee