上海苏州河鱼类群落的初步研究-湖泊科学.PDF

J. Lake Sci.(湖泊科学), 2009, 21(4): 538-546 . E-mail: jlakes@ ©2009 by Journal of Lake Sciences 上海苏州河鱼类群落的初步研究* 1 2,3** 1 1 夏建宏 , 陆剑锋 , 周保春 , 谈慧珍 (1: 上海科技馆, 上海 200127) (2: 合肥工业大学生物与食品工程学院, 合肥 230009) (3: 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 上海 200090) 摘 要: 苏州河是一条流经上海市区的过境河流. 本研究试图以鱼类群落状况来评估该河的环境质量. 将2001 年采集到的鱼 类标本与20 世纪60 年代上海科技馆(旧名上海自然博物馆) 的收藏标本进行对比. 1960 年代, 鱼类物种数有62 种, 2001 年为 44 种, 前后减少 18 种; 其中鲤科鱼类中营底栖生活、食无脊椎动物的鮈亚科鱼类变化明显, 减少6 种. 鱼类的食性结构也发 生了明显的变化. 食鱼性鱼类的物种比例由 1960 年代的27.4%下降到2001 年的22.7%; 食无脊椎动物鱼类的比例由 1960 年 代的24.2%下降到2001 年的 11.4%, 而杂食性鱼类的物种比例则由 1960 年代的25.8%上升到2001 年的38.6% ．杂食性鱼类 在个体数也占据优势. 沿程分布显示上游的物种多样性明显高于下游. 以上结果表明苏州河的鱼类群落变得简单, 食物网复 杂度降低, 生物完整性下降, 推测其主要原因可能在于作为水生生物栖息地主要构成的底质状况发生了改变. 关键词: 苏州河; 鱼类群落; 底质; 生物完整性; 栖息地 A preliminary study on fish communities in Suzhou Creek, Shanghai 1 2,3 1 1 XIA Jianhong , LU Jianfeng , ZHOU Baochun TAN Huizhen (1: Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127, P.R.China) (2: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P.R.China) (3: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Fisheries University, Shanghai 200090, P.R.China) Abstract : Suzhou Creek is an urban river across Shanghai City and its adjacent areas. In the present study the river environmental quality was assessed based on fish communities. The specimens sampled in the year 2001 were compared with those collected in Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (formerly Shanghai Museum of Natural History) in the 1960s. The number of species decreased from 62 in the 1960s to 44 in 2001, with the most prominent decrease in the species of Gobioninae that are benthos and insectivores. Marked change was also seen in trophic dominance. Percentage of species