第3章International Law and Practices.pptVIP

Chen Jianhui Chapter 3 International Law and Practices Chapter 3 International Law and Practices Section A Introduction International law plays an important role in the conduct of international business. Although no enforceable body of international law exists, certain treaties and agreements are respected by a number of countries and profoundly influence international business operations. 国际法在国际商务行为中扮演着重要的角色。虽然不存在国际法的强制执行机构，但某些条约和协定仍得到许多国家的认可，并对国际商务业务的操作有着深刻的影响。 International law is commonly defined as a body of rules that states and other agents accept as binding obligations in the world community. 国际法通常被定义为在国际社会中国家及其它行为主体所承认的，具有法律约束力的义务规范总体。 In essence, international law is the result of centuries old attempts to reconcile the traditional need of each nation to be the final authority over its own affairs with the desire of nations to benefit economically from trade and harmonious relations with one another. 本质上看，国际法是各国若干世纪以来试图对其自身事务具有最终权力的传统需求与各国渴求从彼此贸易与和睦相处的关系中获取经济利益的愿望互相妥协达成的结果。 Article 38 (1) indicates that international law consists of international conventions (or treaties), international custom, and general principles of law. It follows that a rule cannot be deemed to be international law unless it is derived from one of these three sources. 《国际法院规约》第38条第1款指出国际法的组成包括国际公约、国际习惯和一般法律原则。由此可知只有源于这些渊源的规则才能被认为是国际法。 NOTES 1. national law 国内法 2. I. C. J. =International Court of Justice 国际法院 3. Article 38（1）of the I. C. J. Statute 《国际法院规约》第38条第1款 4. international convention 国际公约 5. international custom 国际习惯 6. general principles of law 一般法律原则 7. judicial decision 司法判例 8. international lawyer 国际法学家 9. pacta sunt servanda 拉丁文“条约必须遵守” 10.rebus sic stantibus 拉丁文“情势变迁原则” 11. customary international law 国际习惯法 Section B The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the W