Proteins - Manistique Area Schools：蛋白质- manistique地区学校.pptVIP

Biology Proteins and Enzymes Unit 3, Notes #3 Review Organic Compound contain __________ Examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Carbon! Review- Carbs Carbohydrates are sugars (immediate NRG) C:H:O is 1:2:1 Building blocks = monosacharides Single saccharride molecules Glucose, fructose, ribose, etc Disaccharides – 2 monos combined Sucrose (table sugar), lactose (in milk) Block Tower = polysaccarhides Starch (created by plants), cellulose, Glycogen – made by muscles and liver from cellulose Review - Lipids Lipids (Fats) Monomer: Fatty Acid Polymer: Lipid Structure: Fatty Acids bonded to compounds such as glycerol (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen!) Most Common lipids: Fats, Oils, Cholesterol, Waxes Glycerol molecule Review - Lipids Fats and Oils = long term energy storage Carbs can be turned into lipids to be stored as energy for much later use Overall, they yield less energy than carbs Saturated – animal fats, all single C-C bonds Unsaturated – plants, at least one double C=C bond Waxes – repel water (plants and animals can produce this) Phospholipids – cell membranes Cholesterol – too much is BAD Proteins Protein Basics Used in variety of cellular functions Made of smaller amino acids Monomer: Amino acid Polymer: Protein, held together by peptide bonds Only 20 amino acids… but thousands of proteins Exact arrangement of amino acids determines the protein leucine valine glycine alanine leucine leucine histi- dine aspara- gine serine proline = protein A leucine valine glycine alanine leucine leucine histi- dine aspara- gine serine proline = protein B leucine valine glycine alanine leucine leucine = protein C Amino acid (monomer) Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group . . What differs between these 6 amino acids? Each “R” group is different Proteins C, H, O, N, Sulfur and Phosphorous “building blocks” of organisms Functions of protein