False Friends假对应PPT.pptVIP

LOGO LOGO LOGO False Friends Definition False Friends which originates from French word “ faux am is ”are pairs of?words?or?phrases?in two?languages?or?dialects?(or letters in two alphabets) ?that look?or?sound?similar, but differ significantly in meaning. An example is the?English?embarrassed?and the?Spanish embarazada, which means?pregnant. Causes Shared etymology (similar to cognate words) If Language A borrowed a word from Language B, or both borrowed the word from a third language or inherited it from a common ancestor, and later the word shifted in meaning or acquired additional meanings in at least one of these languages, a?native speaker?of one language will face a false friend when learning the other. Causes Homonyms (when two words are identical both in spelling and in sound, but different in meaning) E.g dead president-美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”） Servive station(加油站)（而不是服务站 White man (忠实可靠的人)（不是皮肤白的人） China policy(对华政策)（而不是中国政策） Black art(妖术)（而不是黑色艺术） Green hand（新手）（而不是绿手） Greek gift(害人的礼物)（而不是希腊的礼物） Causes Semantic change(widening of meaning/Narrowing of meaning) In bilingual situations, due to different cultures, false friends often result in a?semantic?change—a real new meaning that is then commonly used in a language. E.g. Corn was originally the dominant type of grain in a region (indeed corn and grain are themselves?cognates?from the same Indo-European root). It came to mean usually?cereals?in general in the British Isles in the nineteenth century e.g.?Corn laws, but?maize?in North America, and now just maize also in the British Isles. Semantic change word Widening of word holiday holy day any rest day horse horse any animal False Friends in Translation False friends at lexical level (Vocabulary) ? lover 情人（不是“爱人”） ? busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票 员”） ? busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙 人”） ?dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物 （不是“干货”） sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”或 “甜水”） capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思 想”） dressing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室” 或“更衣室”-locker room） Fals