语言学考试题目.docVIP

Subordination refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other, and usually a constituent of the other. Back-formation It refers to an unusually abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. Illocutionary act (行事行为); an act performed in saying something. To say something is to do something The illocutionary act here is the act of ……. Categorization the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences 1.a major ingredient in the creation of human language 2.allow us to relate present experiences to past ones. Three levels in categories basic level superordinate level, subordinate level Sociolect or Social-class dialect, refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. Social dialect has to do with separation brought about by different social conditions. Allophones Variants of a phoneme are called allophones of the same phoneme Language is a system of arbitrary, vocals symbols used for human communication. system: Elements in language are arranged according to certain rules. symbol: Words are just symbols used by human beings to denote objects, actions and ideas. vocal: The primary medium is sound for all languages arbitrary: There is no intrinsic connection between a linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for. human: Language is human specific, different from the communication system of animals. Derivation (派生法) Derivation or affixation is a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding affixes to the root. 9. Sense ；the sense of a word may be seen as the network of its sense relations with others. In other words, sense may be defined as the semantic relations between one word and another, or more generally between one linguistic unit and another.10.ossilization a process occ