脊柱检查留学生.pptVIP

Physical Examination of Spine and Extremities脊柱及四肢检查 一、Spinal column 脊柱 Anatomy of Spinal column Composition:◇body of vertebra椎体 C:7 T:12  L:5 S:5 Co:4◇intervertebral disk椎间盘◇spinal cord脊髓◇attachment附加组织  Spinal column 脊柱 function 功能 ◇support the weight 支撑体重 ◇maintain posture. 维持姿势 ◇key of Physical activities 躯体活动枢纽 manifestation 临床表现 ◇ pain疼痛 ◇ abnormal postures/shape 形态异常 ◇ restrict motions 活动受限◇deformity畸形 ◇Physiological curvature生理性弯曲 ◇Pathological curvature 病理性弯曲 Physiological curvature生理性弯曲 cervical curve - concave backwards thoracic curve - convex backwards lumbar curve - concave backwards sacral curve - convex backwards and downward sitting position 坐位 reveal the spinal column暴露脊柱 observe the spinal shape and deformities,such as Kyphosis,Lordosis,Scoliosis. 观察脊柱外形，有无畸形 Kyphosis（Gibbus）脊柱后凸（驼背） Kyphosis脊柱后凸 rachitis 佝偻病 tuberculosis 结核病 ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎 degeneration of spinal column 脊柱退行性变 late pregnancy 晚期妊娠 hip lesion 髋关节病变 spondylolisthesis of L5 第5腰椎向前滑 plenty of ascitic fluid 大量腹水 enormous tumor in abdomen 腹腔巨大肿块 Scoliosis 脊柱侧凸 thoracic vertebrae 胸段 lumbar vertebrae 腰段 thoracolumbar segment 胸腰段联合 posture scoliosis 姿势性 organic scoliosis 器质性 Posture scoliosis 姿势性侧凸 1.uncorrect posture in childhood 儿童期坐、立姿势错误 2.compensatory change代偿性改变 3.ischioneuralgia 坐骨神经痛 4.sequela of poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎后遗症 Organic scoliosis 器质性侧凸 1.Inborn atelorachidia 先天性脊柱发育不全 2.Muscular paralysis 肌肉麻痹 3.Shoulder or thoracic deformity 肩部或胸廓畸形 2.Motions of the spinal column 脊柱活动度 1）Normal motions 　cervical and lumbar vertebrae 　thoracic vertebrae sacrococcygeal vertebrae Pay attention:Any active or passive range of spinal motion should be determined when the stability has been demonstrated. Motions of the cervical vertebra颈椎活动度 Spinal motions 脊柱的活动度 Examination of Spinal motions