第2章-损伤B1.pptVIP

缺血性萎缩(ischemic atrophy) Due to lack of blood supply Brain atrophy 脑回变窄 (narrowing of gyrus) 脑沟变宽 (broadening of sulcus) 压迫性萎缩(Compression atrophy) Tissues are compressed for long time. 肾积水 (hydronephrosis): 肾盂扩张 ( pyelectasis ) 肾实质薄如粉皮 (Thinning of renal parenchyma) Morphology: atrophy 均匀缩小,重量减轻, 功能下降 实质细胞体积 (数量 ) 间质可增多(假性肥大) 细胞器减少退化 自噬小体增多 脂褐素增多 (细胞器残体) 2. 肥大(hypertrophy) 肥大: 细胞、组织和器官体积的增大代谢、功能增强。 Hypertrophy---increase in the size of cells which results in enlargement of the organs Types of hypertrophy 1) 代偿性肥大 (compensatory hypertrophy) Caused by increased functional demand or by compensation Types of hypertrophy 2) 内分泌性肥大(endocrine hypertrophy) --Caused by too much hormonal stimulation --肢端肥大症(acromegaly) --巨人症(Giantism) 3. 增生(hyperplasia) 增生:组织或器官的实质细胞增多,可伴细胞肥大 Hyperplasia---increased number of cells in an organ or tissue 乳腺小叶增生 (lobular hyperplasia of breast) Types of hyperplasia 21)内分泌性增生 (endocrine hyperplasia) 2)代偿性增生(compensatory hyperplasia ) 缺碘 甲状腺增生 4. 化生(metaplasia) 化生(metaplasia): 一种分化成熟的细胞类型被另一种分化成熟细胞类型所取代的过程。 Metaplasia---transformation or replacement of one adult cell type with another 鳞 1) 鳞状上皮化生 (squamous metaplasia ) Columnar ciliated epithelium replaced by squamous stratified epithelium. Types of metaplasia 柱 2) 肠上皮化生 (Intestinal metaplasia ) ---In the stomach patches of epithelium are replaced by epithelium with intestinal lining. Types of metaplasia 3)骨化生(osseous metaplasia) 病 理 学(Pathology) 病理学系 李 学 农(Prof.MD,PhD) leexue0@126.com 欢迎访问病理学国家精品课程网站(校园网)! /bingli/ 1. What is Pathology? 病理学是研究疾病的病因(etiology)、发病机理(pathogenesis)、病理改变(morphology)和转归(consequences)的一门医学基础主干学科。 Pathology may be defined as scientific study of the causes, pathogenesis, pathologic changes and consequences of diseases. Etiology - cause of disease Pathogenesis - mechanisms of disease Morphology - Structural Changes Consequences– Outcomes Complications Diagnosis--Patholog