Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration电力—ch21.pdfVIP

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Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration电力—ch21.pdf

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21 Harmonic Droop Controller to Improve Voltage Quality As discussed in Chapter 2, if the right amount of harmonic voltages is injected into the reference voltage of an inverter, then it is possible to cancel the harmonic voltages dropped on the output impedance due to the harmonic current components so that the THD of the output voltage is improved. In this chapter, this idea is developed further and a control strategy is presented. At ﬁrst, the load and/or grid connected to an inverter is modelled as the combination of voltage sources and current sources at harmonic frequencies. As a result, the system can be analysed at each individual frequency, which avoids the difﬁculty in deﬁning the reactive power for a system with different frequencies because it is now deﬁned at each individual frequency. After developing a droop control strategy for systems delivering power to a constant current source, instead of a constant voltage source, a harmonic droop controller is developed so that the right amount of harmonic voltage is added to the inverter reference voltage. This forces the output voltage at the individual harmonic frequency close to zero and improves the THD of the output voltage considerably. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate its capability of signiﬁcantly improving the voltage THD. 21.1 Model of an Inverter System It is widely known that a (linear) circuit having supplies/sinks with different frequencies can be analysed separately at each frequency according to the superposition theorem. Here, this is applied to inverter systems. For an inverter, whether it is connected to a load, a grid or both, the mathematical model of the system can be illustrated as shown in Figure 21.1(a), where the inverter is modelled as a voltage reference vr with an output impedance Z o (s) and the load is modelled as the combination of voltage sources and current sources. The terminal or output voltage is