英语科技论文写作方法与教程(南开大学)-7.ppt

Scientific writing and presentation Prof. Mark Bartlam College of Life Sciences, Nankai University E-mail: bartlam@ Tel:Course outline Lecture 17+18: Course summary. Review of what we have learned; How the course applies to your dissertation and defense; Writing your Master’s/PhD dissertation; Preparing your Master’s/PhD defense. “Clear thinking is the key to clear writing” “清晰的思路是写作的关键” Clear thinking Think clearly about your research problem or question. Think clearly about your methods and experiments. Think clearly about the solution(s) to your research problem. Think clearly about the implications. Think clearly about your audience. “To know the road ahead, ask those coming back” “要知道前方的路，问问那些曾经走过的人” Getting advice Scientific writing gets easier with more experience. Ask for advice from those with more experience. Colleagues and friends can give you helpful, honest comments and feedback. Communication needs How to plan and layout your paper Follow the standard IMRAD format: Introduction Methods Results And Discussion No matter which medium you use (paper, poster, talk), the principles of scientific writing are the same: clear and concise communication. the content is the most important. be ethical: respect your data - and your readers. Be ethical: Don’t commit fraud - report your data truthfully and honestly. Don’t plagiarise - cite all sources of non-original material. Written vs. spoken language Scientific writing General recommendations: Use short sentences. When possible, write in the active voice rather than the passive. Avoid unnecessary jargon and long words. Scientific writing General recommendations: Avoid using noun clusters and stacked modifiers. Write concisely (no pointless words and phrases). Write precisely (use correct terms, be specific). Scientific writing The reality of scientific writing: Complex sentences. Frequent use of passive voice. Jargon Noun clusters and stacked modifiers. Scientific writing Journal editors often ask scien