瓦愣纸包装的功能要求外文翻译.docVIP

毕 业 设 计 外 文 文 献 译 文 及 原 文 题目：年产10万吨高强瓦愣纸制浆造纸综合工厂重点：日产300吨OCC制浆（芯层设计）FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CORRUGATED PACKAGING This section analyzes functional requirements for corrugated boxes. Part A describes the different distribution environments that were considered for this analysis. Part B examines general trends that shape the box industry. Part C shows how these functional needs translate into specific performance characteristics. A. Distribution Environment This paper considers two types of distribution systems: shipments in corrugated boxes in bulk and single package shipments. In the first environment, a set of boxes typically is transported from a manufacturer to a warehouse or point-of-sale by truck or railroad. In this case, boxes may be stacked on pallets and handled by a forklift or similar equipment. Corrugated boxes must perform on packaging equipment, e.g. filling lines, and within the distance and conditions of transportation and warehousing. Most box specifications are developed by users, working with their suppliers, to meet true performance needs. Unless they use their own transportation fleets, manufacturers will determine box specifications based on the rules of the American Trucking Association (National Motor Freight Classifications) or the National Freight Railroad Committee (Uniform Freight Classifications). These two organizations specify detailed box performance criteria that must be met in order for their members to accept the liability for the damage to any shipments. According to one expert, the top five trucking companies in the U.S. incur approximately $ 35 million in annual payments for damages.The most important guidelines focus on box strength and are outlined in Item 222 and the new Item 180 of the National Motor Freight Classifications and Rule 41 of the Uniform Freight Classifications. Details are provided in Section I.B. Most large packaging users have their own defined specifications and requirements that ar