欧美小 说赏析教学资料：Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代.pptVIP

Thomas Hardy and Naturalism 托马斯·哈代与自然主义 Tess of D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝 Thomas Hardy 1840-1928 Novelist and poet Born in Dorset, a southern county of England His father, an architect , wanted him to become one , but Hardy was more interested in literature Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860 German philosopher): The world is full of pains, sufferings, and miseries. There is no road leading to happiness and no road to avoid misfortunes. Human tragedy is not caused by human themselves, but dominated by a supernatural power._---a fatalistic idea archdia Hardy ‘s novels are all Victorian in date, i.e. before 1900. Most of them are set in WESSEX, the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates. They are known for the vivid description of the vicissitudes of people who live in an agricultural environment menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. Hardy ‘s points of view Living at the turn of the 20th century , Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we can see the influence from both the Victorian and the modern. He’s intellectually advanced and emotionally traditional. There is a nostalgic touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life, which was gradually declining and disappearing as England was marching into an industrial country. Hardy was influence by modern philosophies a lot. Darwin , Spencer and many other philosophers . His reading of Spencer’s First Principle inspired his pessimistic determinism and led him to the belief that man’s fate was predeterminedly tragic. Men and women in Hardy’s fiction are not masters of their fates; they are at the mercy of the indifferent forces that manipulate their behavior and their relations with others, but they can achieve dignity through endurance and heroism through simple strength of character. But fate is not a wholly external force. Men and women are driven by the demands of their own nature as much as by an