1 汉语.docVIP

1 汉语 2. Chinese and its Character Introduction ? Chinese ? The Chinese Characters General Remarks ? Only the human being has the real language. The Language and its script are the important properties of the human culture. It is neither the carrier or an important part of the human culture. The Chinese and its characters have the close relation with the Chinese culture. ? Along with the deepening of its research, the viewpoint o that language is a kind of world outlook was raised. ? 只有人类才有真正的语言，语言文字是人类文化的重要特征。语言文字既是人类文化的载体，同时又是人类文化的重要组成部分。汉语汉字与中国文化有着极为密切的关系。 ? 随着人类对语言和文化研究的深入，提出语言是一种世界观的观点。 ? Karl Wilhelm von Humbolt, 1767—1853) ? Humbolt said: “Each language includes an unique world outlook.” ? 洪堡特认为，“每一语言里都包含一种独特的世界观” ? Linguistic Determinism and linguistic relativity–Whorf-Sapir hypothesis—Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Lee Whorf ? 语言决定论和语言相对论—沃尔夫-萨丕尔假说--萨丕尔和他的学生沃尔夫 ? American anthropologist and linguist Edward Sapir and his student Benjiamin Lee Whorf--- Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis, its basic idea is linguistic determinism. i.e. language decides thinking. “A person’s thinking form is decided by those irresistible laws of the unconscious language patterns. ? 美国人类学-语言学家萨丕尔和他的学生沃尔夫 ? ---沃尔夫-萨丕尔假说,其基本思想是：语言决定论，即语言决定思维，“一个人的思想形式，是受他所没有意识到的语言型式的那些不可抗拒的规律支配的。” ? The same physical evidence does not make all the observers get the similar universal image, only when they have the same or similar language background or can be revised to each other by a certain way. ? 同一个物理证据，并不使所有的观察者都得到相同的宇宙图像，除非他们的语言背景是类似的或者能够以某种方法互相校订的。 ? Germany philosopher, Fritz Mauthner: If Aristole had spoken Chinese or Dakota, his logic and his categories would have different. ? 德国哲学家茅特纳:如果亚里士多德说的是汉语或达可塔语，他的逻辑和范畴就会是另一个样子。 ? Cognition Hypothesis: another viewpoint which is in direct opposition to the former one, was raised by Jean Piaget(1896—1980), a famous Swiss psychologist. It means cognition is prior to language. Thinking way decides language. ? 另一种观点与沃尔夫-萨丕尔假说针锋相对， “认知假说” ，认为认识先于语言，