daniel defoe 教学大纲.docxVIP

English LiteratureThe Eighteenth CenturyDaniel DefoeDaniel Defoe His parents were?Presbyterian?dissenters; he was educated in a?dissenting academy?at?Newington Green?run by?Charles Morton?and is believed to have attended?the church there. During this period, England was not tolerant of all forms of religious belief. Roman Catholics were feared and hated. Dissenters refused to conform to the services of the?Church of England; they were despised and oppressed.Daniel DefoeBusiness career Defoe entered the world of business as a general merchant, dealing at different times in hosiery, general woollen goods and wine. In a few years he became prosperous, but soon went bankrupt because of poor speculations做投机买卖and investments.Daniel DefoeHis Marriage In 1684, Defoe married Mary Tuffley, the daughter of a London merchant, receiving a dowry of ￡3,700 - a huge amount by the standards of the day. With his debts and political difficulties, the marriage was most likely troubled, but it lasted 50 years and produced eight children, six of whom survived.Daniel DefoePamphleteering and prison Defoe wrote some pamphlets against religious persecutions enforced by the king’s policies. Because of his pamphlet “ The Shortest Way with the Dissenters”, Defoe was sentenced to three months in Newgate prison , and, in addition, standing in pillory for three days.Because of his religious feelings he wrote some other writings which also resulted in his landing twice more in prisonDaniel Defoe by James Charles ArmytageMajor worksFictionRobinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719 Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722A Journal of the Plagure Year《大疫年记事》1722Non-fictionA General History of the PyratesThe Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径》 →入狱6个月，枷示3次Essay The Complete English TradesmanAn Essay upon Projects《论开发》1967→his first notable publication Poems Hymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison:imitated the lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his