段落意识.txt.docVIP

段落意识 2010级英语（师范）四班 摘要:本文主要介绍了英语写作中段落发展的六种方法。第一，通过举例子或归纳法展开段落；第二，通过比较和对比的方法展开段落；第三，通过因果分析法展开段落；第四，通过分类法展开段落；第五，通过下定义的方法展开段落;第六，通过综合以上几种方法展开段落。 关键词：举例子；对比；因果分析法；分类法；下定义 段落的发展在英语写作中非常重要，它关乎你英语写作的成败。下面我来介绍一下英语写作中的六种展开段落的方法。 一、通过举例子或归纳法展开段落。 通过举例来展开段落，可以使主题句的抽象意思具体化，生动的例子可以给读者留下一 个清晰，有趣，深刻而且信服的印象。 （一）什么是举例法 举例法，是指通过举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容。严格地讲,举例法也是列举法的一种,它们的区别在于：列举法侧重罗列事实,所列事实力求全面；而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点,且事例可多可少。 例如：Knowledge often results only after persistent investigation. Albert Einstein, after a lengthy examination of the characteristics of matter and energy, formulated his famous Theory of Relativity, which now acts as a basis for further research in nuclear physics. Using plaster casts of footprints, fingerprints, and stray strands of hair, a detective pertinaciously pursues the criminal. After years of work Annie Jump Cannon perfected the classification of the spectra of some 350000 stars. Investigations into the causes of polio have provided us with the means for prevention and cure of this dreaded disease only after many years of research .As students, we too are determined in our investigation to find, retain, and contribute to the human knowledge. 上面的段落是描述性的，包含了很多细节。首句即使主题句，所有的细节都围绕着这个段首的主题句展开，用的是从概括到具体的展开模式 另一种通过例子或细节展开段落的方法是从具体到概括，即先叙述细节，把概括性的主题句放在段尾，总结全段的主要意思。 （二）应注意的问题 段落中的细节和例子通常按照它们的重要性或者趣味性排列：分量轻或趣味性弱的靠前,分量重或者趣味性强的置后。 例如：It was a typical Russian writer .The first snowstorm had turned everything white. The wind was howling, swirling and tumbling over a vast land of ice and snow, freezing and destroying whatever stood in its way .A ragged ,misshapen army was staggering and struggling desperately for survival ,cold, hungry and decreasing in size every day .The year was 1812.The army was the remnants of Napoleon’s expeditionary force which was withdrawing from Russia after receiving its worst defeat .The war with Russia turned out to be a fiasco for Napoleon and had a devastating effect on his career 二、通过比较或对比的方法展开段落。 比较和对比的是