国外营销论文07Eisenhard_Martin_2000.pdfVIP

Journal StrategicManagement Strat. Mgmt. J., 21: 1105-1121 (2000) I WHAT ARE THEY? DYNAMICCAPABILITIES: KATHLEENM. EISENHARDT*and JEFFREYA. MARTIN K Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A. N This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource-based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiableprocesses such as product development,strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed best practice). This suggests that they are more homogeneous,fungible, equifinal, and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic, stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high-velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictableoutcomes. Finally, well-known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately