哈尔滨理工大学土木工程论文.doc

如何有效控制工程造价 摘 要 大部分人认为控制工程造价就是编制预算、审查决算、制止施工单位的高估冒算。其实，工程造价是指进行一项工程建设所需的全部费用。工程造价全过程控制就是在建设程序的各个阶段，采用一定方法和措施，防止“三超”现象的发生，以求合理使用人力、物力和财力，取得较好投资效益。工程造价控制，是在满足工程质量标准前提下在投资决策阶段、设计阶段、工程发包阶段和工程实施阶段，把工程造价的发生控制在批准的限额以内，随时纠正发生的偏差，以保证工程管理目标的实现，力求工程建设中合理使用人力、物力、财力，取得较好的投资效益和社会效益。由于在工程造价中存在许多可变因素，这给工程造价带来诸多的问题。因此，工程监理一般从设计阶段开始至实施阶段结束。工程造价控制也就是对工程从设计阶段开始至实施阶段结束过程中各阶段进行有效控制。其中工程的承发包已主要通过招投标来实现。建筑企业通过投标竞争取得施工任务，有效防止了建筑市场的腐败行为，有利于提高工程质量，降低工程造价。 关键词： 工程造价,造价管理，工程施工，工程招标,工程投标 Picking Wanting The majority of people thought that the control engineering construction cost is the estimating, the examination final accounts, stops Constructions overestimation to brave to calculate. Actually, the building cost of projects is refers to carries on the overall cost which an engineering construction needs. The building cost of projects entire process control is in construction program each stage, uses certain method and the measure, prevents “three ultra” the phenomenon occurrence, in order to the reasonable use manpower, the physical resource and the financial resource, make the good investment progress. The building cost of projects control, is in satisfies under the project quality standard premise in the investment decision stage, the design stage, the project contract award stage and the project implementation stage, building cost of projectss occurrence control in the authorized quota, momentarily corrects the deviation which occurs, guaranteed that the project management goal realization, makes every effort in the engineering construction the reasonable use manpower, the physical resource, the financial resource, makes the good investment progress and the social efficiency. Because has many variable factors in the building cost of projects, this brings many questions for the building cost of projects. Therefore, project overseeing from the design stage started to the implementation stage to end generally. The building cost of projects control was also from the design stage starts