高一语法 定语从句.docVIP

高一语法 定语从句 定语从句 1. 定语从句的结构及理解 2. 定语从句的关系词的使用 3. 定语从句的简化表达 （一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。 结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 （二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句： 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。 1. 先行词是主句与从句共有的部分 2. 先行词一般是名词或代词 3. 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语 ?先行词→人，关系代词→who, that ?先行词→物，关系代词→which, that 4. 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语 注：是否充当宾语，看从句的谓语是vi. / vt. ?先行词→人，关系代词→whom, who, that ?先行词→物，关系代词→which, that ?一般可省略关系代词，但介词后不可省略 ?若 prep.+关系代词，只能用whom ,which，不能用who, that ?介词与动词（词组）固定搭配，介词不能提前 5. 关系代词在定语从句中充当定语 ?先行词→人，关系代词→whose, of whom ?先行词→物，关系代词→whose, of which 6. 关系副词在从句中作状语 ?when→时间状语，先行词表示时间的名词或代词 where→地点状语，先行词表示地点的名词或代词 why→原因状语，先行词是reason ?关系副词在具体语境下可与介词+关系代词替换 ＊ 介词选择看 ①与从句中的谓语动词间的搭配关系 ②与先行词之间的关系 ＊ why = for which 注：解题时，先判断从句中的谓语动词是vt./vi.，看从句中缺的是状语或是其他成分 非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。 1. 形式上，主、从句间用逗号分开 2. 意义上，只对先行词作附加说明 3. 关系词根据先行词，可选相对的who, whom, which, whose, when, where等，但是不能使用that，why 4. 先行词是专有名词、father、mother，或其他的第一无二的名词时，一般用非限制性定语从句 5. 在非限制性定语从句中，which的先行项可以是上文的整个或部分的分句内容 1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying. （三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom. 1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company. 2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 知识重点与难点 （二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that 1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years. 2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you. 3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me. 4. No one believes the reason that he gave us