戒烟为什么这么难对照.docxVIP

为什么戒烟这么难几乎所有的人都知道吸烟有害健康，大部分吸烟的人也曾经想过要戒烟，但是只有少数人会戒烟成功。美国有过一个统计：80%的吸烟者想过要戒烟，但是如果不借助尼古丁替代疗法，只有3～5%的人会戒烟成功。为什么戒烟那么难？除了心理、社会的因素，主要就跟尼古丁有关，因为尼古丁是类似毒品的东西，能让人上瘾。为什么尼古丁能让人上瘾呢？It is almost known to all that smoking is harmful to health. Though it occurs to most smokers to quit smoking, only a minority succeeded. According to U.S. statistics, 80 % of smokers have thought about giving up smoking, while only 3% ~5% of them did it. Why quitting smoking is so hard? Except for factors of psychology and society, it mainly relates to nicotine, which can be addictive just like drugs.Almost all people know that smoking is harmful to health, and most people who smoke have thought about quitting, but only a few of them will be successful. The United States has a statistics indicating that 80 percent of smokers want to quit smoking, but if they do not use the therapy of nicotine replacement, only 3-5 percent of them will succeed. Why is it so difficult to give up smoking? It is related to psychological and social factors, but mainly related to nicotine, which is a drug making people addicted. Why is nicotine so addictive?在人的大脑里头，有一块区域被称为奖励中心，在人从事某种对生存、繁衍至关重要的活动时，例如喝水、吃饭、交配、社交时，奖励中心会释放一种叫多巴胺的物质，让人产生愉悦的感觉，从而激励人们继续从事这些有益的活动。但是在抽烟、吸毒时，虽然这些活动对人体有害无益，奖励中心同样会大量地释放多巴胺加以奖励。例如在吸烟时，吸第一口，几秒钟后，尼古丁就会通过血液抵达大脑，进入奖励中心，刺激它释放多巴胺。这个过程非常地迅速，也就非常容易让人上瘾。一个少年只要吸过4根烟，就有可能终身对吸烟上瘾。也就是说，烟草里头的尼古丁绑架了人脑中的奖励中心，让人产生吸烟有益的错觉。In human’s brain, there is a certain area called ‘reward center’. When people are performing an action that essential for their survival and reproduction, such as drinking, eating, having sexual or social intercourse, the reward center releases a substance called dopamine, which produces a pleasurable feeling to motivate these beneficial behavior. However, a large amount of dopamine will also be released when people are smoking or taking drugs, though such behaviors are of no benefit. For instance, when a cigarette is smoked, nicotine-rich blood reaches the reward center of the brain within a few seco