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测绘工程专业英语论文班级：测绘1401学号：201408246姓名：田强华Reduction?of?Short-Interval?GPS?Data?forConstruction?Operations?AnalysisJohn?Hildreth,?M.ASCE1;?Michael?Vorster,?M.ASCE2;?and?JulioMartinez,?M.ASCE3Abstract:?The?systems?that?historically?have?been?used?to?collect?data?for?time?studies?of?construction?operations?are?manual?in?nature?and?limited?to?the?observers?field?of?view.?Global?Positioning?System?(GPS)?technology?incorporated?into?an?onboard?instrumentation?system?can?be?used?to?autonomously?collect?position?and?velocity?data?without?the?field?of?view?limitation.?Data?must?be?collected?at?a?short?time?interval?to?provide?the?level?of?detail?necessary?for?operations?analysis.?Thus?the?issue?becomes?managing?the?data?and?identifying?the?relatively?key?records?that?mark?the?start?and?stop?of?activities.?A?field?observer?identifies?the?key?times?in?real?time?with?instantaneous?decisions?of?when?one?activity?stops?and?the?next?starts?based?on?enormous?volumes?of?visual?information.?This?work?developed?a?methodology?for?making?equivalent?decisions?based?on?GPS?data?and?presents?the?procedures?developed?to?identify?the?key?records?necessary?to?calculate?activity?durations.?A?case?study?is?used?to?illustrate?application?of?the?system?to?an?earthmoving?operation.Also,?it?is?postulated?how?the?information?can?be?used?in?discrete?event?simulation.?DOI:?10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:8(920)CE?Database?subject?headings:?Geographic?information?systems;?Construction?industry;?Data?analysis;?Information?management;Time?studies.IntroductionTime?studies?historically?have?been?performed?to?record?the?time?required?to?complete?various?construction?tasks?(Oglesby?et?al.1989).?The?original?time?study?system?was?the?stopwatch,?which?has?since?been?replaced?by?time-lapse?video?recordings.?These?systems?are?manual?in?nature?and?limited?to?the?field?of?view?of?the?observer,?or?what?is?within?the?line?of?sight?of?theobserver.Recently,?analysts?have?turned?to?technology?for?new?tools.Whether?an?obser