以色列奶牛牛舍及其管理.pptVIP

Daily water consumption (L) at different ambient temperature 不同牛舍温度的情况下奶牛水的消耗量 No. of water troughs = 0.1 m’ * No. of heifers/length of trough 水槽的数目：0.1米/头×后备牛的数量/单个水槽的长度 Calving pen 产房 In an isolated pen (reduce risk of diarrhea, kriptospirosis). 独立的牛舍（减少腹泻） Disinfected and new bedding. 卫生，新建筑 Water continuously. 连续供应水 Feeding. 饲料 Access to a tractor to “lift” problematic cows. 有问题的牛使用拖拉机移出 A calving pen 产房 Pregnant heifers will be transported to pregnant group 1 to 2 months before parturition. 怀孕牛生产前1-2个月转移到怀孕组 cows will be transported to calving pen few days before expected calving day. 生产前转移到产房 Size of calving pen: 4 x 4 m. 产房的大小4 x 4 No. of calving cells - 1 cell: 20 pregnant cows or 4% of total cows. 1个产房20头怀孕牛或总数的4％。 Location - adjacent to dry cows; 与干奶期牛舍相邻 Bedding - clean, dry; 牛床：干净，干燥 Water- all the time. 全天供应水 Don’t use calving pen to keep sick cow; 产房不能用于养病牛 Between cows- clean and disinfect; 区分：带病牛和健康牛 Install gates/wide doors for tractor entering 门的宽度可以通过拖拉机 Calving Area 产房 Bedding 牛床 Dry 干燥 Materials: dry manure (self collected), sawdust, recycled paper +Ca, etc. 材料：干粪（自收集），锯屑，回收废纸等 Saving bedding materials: 节约垫料 1. Open roof; 开放式屋顶 2. Cultivating/ Ploughing on a regular basis (at least once a day). 定期翻垫料（至少每天一次） Concrete lanes 水泥通道 Manure removal :清粪 Few times a day. 每天若干次 Automatic scrapers vs. manually by tractor. 自动刮板或拖拉机 More frequently – in free stalls. 在自由散栏中更频繁 Floor: 地板 Slots 地漏 Rubber mats 橡胶垫 Length slope – not more than 3%. 坡度不超过3％ Lockers 颈枷 Lockers 颈枷 Back rail- 1.20 m. above feeding table 后围栏－高于料槽1.2米 Back Rail 后围栏 Lockers/ Back Rail 颈枷或后围栏 Back Rail 后围栏 Lockers 颈枷 No expanse 无费用 Expansive to install 安装费用高 Feed length/cow – 1 m. 每头牛1米 Feed length/cow- 0.75 m. 每头牛0.75米 locking routinely after milking- udder health 乳房保健后锁上 Cooling Voluntarily 主动降温 Forced cooling 强制降温 Needs a “selecting yard” 需要一个固定的场所 Locking cows for vet/insemination 主要为方便兽医检查或人工受精 Waiting yard 等待区 At least 2 m2 per cow. 至少每头牛2平方米空间