4+学生版--代词+名词属格(修改版).doc

Pronoun 代词 Pronoun 代词 personal pronoun人称代词 Antecedent 先行项 Number数 Gender性 Person 人称 Case 格 反身代词的强调性用法(emphatic use)和非强调性用法(unemphatic use)(详见P99-101) possessive pronoun物主代词 reflective pronoun反身代词 demonstrative pronoun指示代词 interrogative pronoun疑问代词 relative pronoun关系代词 indefinite pronoun不定代词 Number 数 “数”的一致 everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody在正式语体中用第三人称单数he替代。 They each had their problem. They had each his own problem. 集体名词的代词选择(“个体”与“整体”) The team has won its first game. The team are now on the floor taking their practice shots at the basket. 名词的并列结构时代词的选择，例my husband and coach, my husband and my coach. Gender 性 “性”的一致 Masculine gender阳性(注意人名) Feminite gender阴性（注意人名） Neuter gender中性: book, car, ship,etc.---it,its, itself（可带有感性色彩或拟人化） Common gender通性(既可男性，也可女性):student, teacher, scholar, doctor, patient, layer, engineer, scientist, speaker, secretary, customer, infant, baby, child, parent, person,etc. (1) infant, baby, child在不知情的前提下可用中性代词it；若知情就得根据孩子性别来选择相应的代词。 (2) 除(1)以外，其它的通性名词除法律文书（he or she, his or her）外，这种he or she, his or her不宜在语篇中多次出现，以保持语篇的简练性。但是，若通性名词表示特指含义时，随后的代词以及相应的限定词须根据上下文表示的具体性别选用合适的形式，如a student at Barnard College(女子大学) has to do her own work. Person 人称 人称一致 first person第一人称, second person第二人称, third person第三人称 代词及其先行项在句中要保持人称一致，而且在语篇中也尽量保持人称的一致。 人称的特指用法（specific reference）和类指用法（generic reference）。后者包括正式语体的one 和we，非正式语体的you（一般包括说话人和听话人在内的人）和they（一般不包括说话人和听话人在内的人）。 Case 格 用法 Subjective case主格, objective case宾格, genitive case属格. 用主格还是宾格（详见P94-96） (a) 在非正式语体中，当人称代词用于不带谓语或不带限定谓语动词的不完全句中作主语时，习惯上用宾语，而不用主格。如does any of you know where tom lives? Me./ me to appease a chap like him? Nothing doing. (b)在比较分句（comparative clause）或分裂句(cleft sentence)中，按照传统语法，作主语中主格，作宾语用宾格。如 he is not nearly as smart as she. /i trust you as much as her./it is she who did it./ it was him i sent to collect the money. (c) 人称代词在句中作主语补语时，按照传统语法，改用主格。但在实际使用中习惯上多用宾格。如who is knocking at the do