文学史作者简要总结.docx

PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1.美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.2.船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品3.早期新英格兰文学主要关于theological, moral, historical and political.4.第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。5.英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet6.在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.7.清教徒（Puritan）:就是要净化他们的宗教信仰和行为方式，要纯洁自己信仰的人Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices, The Puritan was “Would-be purifier”. 总认为自己是上帝选民looked upon themselves as a chosen people.对他们的生活方式提出异议就是反对上帝旨意anyone who challenged their way of life was opposing God’s Will and was not to be accepted.对自己的信仰视之如命，对别人信仰不能容忍they were zealous in defense of their own beliefs but often intolerant of the beliefs of others. 制定法律限制个人生活行为made laws about private morality as well as public behavior霍桑称他们为“黑眉毛的古板的清教徒”“stern and black-browed Puritans”.Part Ⅱ The Literature of Reason And Revolution理性和革命时期文学1.清教徒坚韧耐劳，严格遵守教义the Puritans in New England embraced hardships, together with the discipline of a harsh church想建立神权社会found a theocracy,他们生活简朴，意志坚定，我行我素，不屈不挠地斗争they had toughness, purpose and character, they grappled strongly with challenges they set themselves.基本价值观；注重勤劳，节俭，虔诚和节制hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety这些也成了早期美国作品主导思想。一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790Poor Richards Almanac 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题3）established Americas first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。4）first applied the terms positive and negative to electrical charges.正负极5）协助杰弗逊起草“独立宣言”aided Jefferson in writing “The De