新托福词汇分类突破101-135.docVIP

101 Movement may occur also in direct response to an outside stimulus; thus, a tap on the knee causes a jerk, and a light shone into the eye makes the pupil contract. These involuntary responses are called reflexes. in response to [in] [ris5pCns] [tu:]prep. 相应，回应 stimulus [5stimjulEs] n. 刺激 stimulate / spur / inspire / encourage / simulate t-ting tap [tAp] n. 轻打 jerk [dVE:k] n. 抽搐 pupil [5pju:pl] n. 瞳孔 contract [kCn5trAkt] v. 收缩 reflex [5ri:fleks] n. 反射 102 Muscular contractions do not always cause actual movement. A small fraction of the total number of fibers in most muscles are usually contracting. This serves to maintain the posture of a limb and enables the limb to resist passive elongation or stretch. This slight continuous contraction is called muscle tone. contraction [kEn5trAkFEn] n. 收缩 fraction [5frAkFEn] n. (小)部分 fiber [5faibE] n. 纤维 posture [5pCstFE] n. (身体的)姿势 resist [ri5zist] v. 抵抗, 反抗 insist / resist / persist / passive elongation [5pAsiv] [7i:lCN5^eiFEn]n. 被动延伸 stretch [stretF] n. 伸展 continuous [kEn5tinjuEs] adj. 连续的 muscle tone [5mQsl] [tEun]n. 肌肉弹性，肌肉张力 103 Circulatory System In passing through the system, blood pumped by the heart follows a winding course through the right chambers of the heart, into the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, and back into the left chambers of the heart. From these it is pumped into the main artery, the aorta, which branches into increasingly smaller arteries until it passes through the smallest, known as arterioles. Beyond the arterioles, the blood passes through a vast amount of tiny, thin-walled structures called capillaries. Here, the blood gives up its oxygen and its nutrients to the tissues and absorbs from them carbon dioxide and other waste products of metabolism. The blood completes its circuit by passing through small veins that join to form increasingly larger vessels until it reaches the largest veins, the inferior and superior venae cavae, which return it to the right side of the heart. Blo