物理海洋问答3.docxVIP

Week 1 (12.1-12.4) QuestionsChapter 1-3.What properties of seawater determine its density? What is the pressure at the bottom of the ocean relative to sea surface pressure? What unit of pressure is very similar to 1 meter? What is the appropriate temperature scale to use for heat content? What happens to the temperature of a parcel of water (or any fluid or gas) when it is compressed adiabatically? What quantity describes the effect of compression on temperature? How does this quantity differ from the measured temperature? (Is it larger or smaller at depth?) What are the two effects of adiabatic compression on density? What quantity is used to minimize the effect of compression on density? What is salinity ? What unique properties of seawater arise from non-linearity in the equation of state? What are the significant differences between freezing pure water and freezing seawater? Fresh water has a density maximum at a temperature above the freezing point, which allows ice to float. Is this also true for sea water? Why does ice formed from sea water float? Why is there a sound speed minimum in the middle of the water column? Chapter 4.How deep is a typical mixed layer if mixed by wind? How deep can it reach if driven by cooling? What are the typical vertical temperature and salinity profiles in the subtropical and subpolar regions of the North Pacific? What are the dominant regions of net evaporation in the ocean? What are the key components of the Mixed Layer heat budget? Is the North Atlantic Ocean saltier or fresher on average than the Pacific? Why? What regions of the ocean are characterized by large differences from summer to winter? What regions have the least seasonal variability? Please describe the two processes that maintain the thermocline. Week2 (12.8-12.11)Chapter５　１.What factors determine the heat budget terms, Qs, Qb, Qe and Qh, respectively? Make clear the importance of each factor of each term.　２.What are the ranges of the magnitude of the fo