被动语态语法讲义.docVIP

动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态主语是动作的；被动语态主语是动作的。Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. 含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： 把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位； 把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for. 如： He gave the boy an apple. ----- The boy was given an apple. An apple was given to the boy. Her father bought her a present. ----- She was bought a present by her father. A present was bought for her by her father. for to A. buy, make, get, call, find, cook, draw, sing, choose, leave, mend等动词后面的间接宾语借助介词for，置于直接宾语之后，例如： buy sb sth = buy sth for sb B. give, bring, pass, lend, do, read, write, show, teach, hand, tell等动词后面的间接宾语借助介词to，置于直接宾语之后，例如： give sb sth = give sth to sb C. write, read 等动词后面的间接宾语既可用for也可用to置于直接宾语之后，但意思有区别： Model: I wrote a letter to her 我给她写了一封信 I wrote a letter for her. 我替她写了一封信 但是，如果直接宾语是疑问代词或疑问副词 ＋ 动词不定式结构时，一般把间接宾语转为被动语态的主语。例如： She asked him when to do the experiment. He was asked when to do the experiment. 主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。make, see, watch, notice, look at, feel, hear, listen to, help make sb do sth see sb do sth watch sb do sth notice sb do sth look at sb do sth feel sb do sth hear sb do sth listen to sb do sth 另外： help sb (to) do sth 改为被动语态必须带 to 例如： 　　 The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。 I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. 　　 We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。 -- He was seen to play football on the playground. 　 We call him Xiao Wang. ---- He is called Xiao Wang. He cut his hair short. ---- His hair was cut short. They told him to help me. ---- He was told to help me. She asked me to help her with her English. ---- I was asked to help her with her English. 5．短语动词的被动语态 　 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： Grandma My sister will be taken good care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。 ISuch a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。