第六讲 英语句子的宾语.docVIP

第六讲 英语句子中动词的宾语 动词宾语的定义及形式选择 （一）当一个英语句子谓语部分的主要动词是及物动词或者说被用作及物动词的时候，它就必须要带宾语。简言之，宾语，又称受词，是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者。 （二）和主语一样，宾语的形式也是多种多样的。宾语可由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，称之为宾语从句。请看下列例句：（60页） Many Chinese speak English today. （名词） Do not touch or climb on the works of art. (p. 62) Jack is selfish and nobody likes him.（代词） Please stop talking.（动名词） Do you mind my/me smoking here? The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能来。Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。’t understand what you mean/why you think that way.（从句） Please touch all you like, but for your own safety, please do not climb. (p. 62) I think it a scandal that there’s so much racial prejudice still about. *No one understood what did May say at the meeting. True or false? The position of the object is filled by a nominal expression. (p. 61) 二、动词宾语的类型 及物动词的宾语可分为：单宾语（single object）、双宾语（double object）和复杂宾语（complex object）。 （一）双宾语包括直接宾语（direct object）和间接宾语（indirect object）。间接宾语一般置于直接宾语之前，但为强调或太长时，也可置于直接宾语后由介词引导。 A holiday here will do you a lot of good. / will do a lot of good to you. My parents gave me a wonderful gift for my birthday. True or false? All English sentences have an object. (p. 61) 请看课本66页练习3。 （二）复杂宾语由宾语和宾语补足语两部分组成，在意义上它们等于一个名词分句的主语和谓语。其中宾补可以有多种表达形式，如： My friends call me Jim.（名词） She held her niece a captive for several years. We call him an ass. I have wished myself a great scientist. We reckoned them friends. They elected him chairman of the club. I appointed him my successor. They named the baby Ronald. I found his report interesting.（形容词） I’ll hold you responsible. Leave the door open. People who did not like him called him dull. He professed himself unable to explain it. That would drive him mad. He said waltzes made him dizzy. We tried him and declared him innocent. They proclaimed the man guilty. We went to her house but we found her out.（副词） I only gave you a tap. Do you call that beating?（动名词） I felt my heart beating violently. （现在分词） I caught him stealing. I shall so