考研英语备战：长难句分词解析.docVIP

考研英语备战：长难句分词解析 分词做定语： 　　1. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.(2000-英译汉-75) 　　解析：这个句子的主句是Additional social stresses may also occur，为主谓结构，翻译为：“另外的社会压力也会发生。”because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是原因状语从句，应该翻译在主句之前，“因为人口猛增或者由大量人口流动所造成的问题”，arising from mass migration movements分词做定语修饰problems。这个句子的关键是themselves指代什么，根据themselves后边成份的内容：“现代交通工具使……变得相对容易”知道所指为mass migration movements。所以调整下语序和修饰下词语，这句话最后翻译为：“由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。 　　2. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(2003-英译汉-63) 　　解析：这个句子的主句为“The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.”为主谓宾补，翻译为“对。。。的强调使这个研究成为一门独特而特别重要的社会科学。on data gathered first-hand介词短语做定语修饰The emphasis，翻译为：“对搜集第一首资料的强调”combined with a cross-cultural perspective过去分词做定语也修饰“The emphasis”，“加上跨文化视角” brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,过去分词作定语修饰“perspective”，“在分析过去和现在文化所采用的视角”，根据短定语放在修饰词之前的原则，上面的句子就翻译为“强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。”这儿把 “emphasis”名词动译，使得句子更加通顺，在翻译过程中根据汉语语言习惯调整词的词性是比较常见的，也是每位翻译者应该具备的能力。 　　上面这两个例子都是分词做定语的例子，在真题中分词做状语的例子更多。 　　3. Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.(2007-2-3) 　　解析：这个句子的主句是“they are usually given only by psychologists”是一个被动结构，主语“they”指上文提到的“两种智力标准测试”“Generally costing several hundred dollars”是分词作状语，“although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.”是让步状语从句。全文翻译为“尽管这两种智力标准测试的不同种类多见于书店和万维网，但是通常只有心理学家进行这种成本在几百美元的测试。” 　　4. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everythin