语言和思维的神经基础 The Neural Basis of Thought and Language.pptVIP

The Neural Basis ofThought and Language Final Review Session Administrivia Final in class next Tuesday, May 9th Be there on time! Format: closed books, closed notes short answers, no blue books And then you’re done with the course! The Second Half Overview Bailey Model feature structures Bayesian model merging recruitment learning KARMA X-schema, frames aspect event-structure metaphor inference Grammar Learning parsing construction grammar learning algorithm SHRUTI FrameNet Bayesian Model of Human Sentence Processing Full Circle Q A How can we capture the difference between “Harry walked into the cafe.” “Harry is walking into the cafe.” “Harry walked into the wall.” “Harry walked into the café.” The INTO construction The Spatial-Phrase construction The Directed-Motion construction What exactly is simulation? Belief update plus X-schema execution “Harry walked into the café.” “Harry is walking to the café.” “Harry is walking to the café.” “Harry has walked into the wall.” Perhaps a different sense of INTO? “Harry has walked into the wall.” Map down to timeline further questions? What about… “Harry walked into trouble” or for stronger emphasis, “Harry walked into trouble, eyes wide open.” Metaphors metaphors are mappings from a source domain to a target domain metaphor maps specify the correlation between source domain entities / relation and target domain entities / relation they also allow inference to transfer from source domain to target domain (possibly, but less frequently, vice versa) Event Structure Metaphor Target Domain: event structure Source Domain: physical space States are Locations Changes are Movements Causes are Forces Causation is Forced Movement Actions are Self-propelled Movements Purposes are Destinations Means are Paths Difficulties are Impediments to Motion External Events are Large, Moving Objects Long-term Purposeful Activities are Journeys KARMA DBN to represent target domain knowledge Metaphor maps link target and source do