黄新飞 《微观经济学》chapter 4 applications of supply and edmand.pptVIP

Perfectly Elastic Supply - Elasticity equals infinity Quantity Price Supply $4 1. At any price above $4, quantity supplied is infinite. 2. At exactly $4, producers will supply any quantity. 3. At a price below $4, quantity supplied is zero. Determinants of Elasticity of Supply Ability of sellers to change the amount of the good they produce. Beach-front land is inelastic. Books, cars, or manufactured goods are elastic. Time period. Supply is more elastic in the long run. QA 2 判断：当对牛奶的需求增加时，长期内哪种情况对消费者有好处？供给有弹性还是供给缺乏弹性？ 判断：长期的供给弹性通常大于短期的供给弹性，所以短期供给曲线比长期供给曲线更平坦？ 判断：当供给具有完全弹性时，需求的变化对价格没有影响？ 中国案例分析1 在广州，能够很容易地以750元左右的价格买到从广州到济南的经济舱飞机票。但是，在济南，只能买到1420元的从济南到广州的经济舱飞机票，乘的是同一航空公司的飞机，甚至是同一架飞机、同样的机组，时间里程也一样，价格居然相差如此悬殊。请评述该现象在生活中的应用。 * Marketing Strategies It’s not just pricing strategies that the concept of elasticity of demand can help with. It’s also broader marketing strategies. Why do you think that many airlines offer fare discounts to people who stay over on a Saturday night? * Sorting Out Customers Airlines are trying to sort out two different kinds of customers: businesspeople with more inelastic demands who want to fly home on the weekends and perhaps be with their families versus pleasure travelers who don’t mind staying over on a Saturday night. The airlines can effectively charge two prices: a higher one to business travelers and a lower one to pleasure travelers. This means more total passengers and more total revenue. * Another Question Why don’t most new cars sell at their sticker price? Put another way, why do you have to go in and haggle when you buy a car whereas if you go in and buy a gallon of milk, you pay the sticker price? * Comparison Versus Impulse Buyers Car salespersons are trained to sort out “comparison shoppers” with more elastic demands from “impulse buyers” who have inelastic demands. By not listing the selling price of cars, the salespersons can charge the impulse buyers more. * Some Public Policy Applications Finally, the