Unit One A General Survey of Chinese-English Translation课件.ppt

Written Translation (笔译（二）) (Chinese- English Translation) （汉译英） Unit One汉译英概论 A General Survey of Chinese-English (C-E) Translation Question 1:  What makes a good C-E translator? ① A good mastery of the source language② A good command of the target language③ Being proficient in various translation art and skills④ Being familiar with the Chinese and the Western cultures⑤ A vast scope of Knowledge ⑥ A large amount of accumulation of good translation⑦Being clever at writing in English in particular⑧Being responsible and prudent Question 2: What are the procedures and process for translation practice? 3. Standards and Criteria for a Good Translation①严复: 信、达、雅②鲁迅：在翻译过程中，如果忠实与通顺不可两全，那就宁信而不顺。 ③傅雷： “重神似不重形似” (rather similar in spirit than in form)  傅雷在《高老头》的重译本序言里提出：“重神似不重形似”的翻译思想。他指出，做翻译如同临画一般，应着力追求神似，而不是形似。领悟是一回事，用中文表达又是另外一事。东方人与西方人在思想方式上有分歧，在翻译中就应当将重点放在“神似”上，而非“形似”，当然这里重视“神”的作用，并不等于忽视“形”的作用。只是当二者非要取其中一个时，“神”的分量重一些罢了。 ④钱钟书： “化境”(sublimation) 所谓“化境” (Sublimation) ，是指原作在译文中就象“ 投胎转世 ”，躯体换了一个，但精魄依然故我 。换句话说， 译本对原作应该忠实得读起来不像译本 ，因为作品在原文里决不会读起来象翻译出的东西的：“ 文学翻译的最高理想可以说是‘化 。把作品从一国文字转换成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于‘化境 ”。因此，他赞同西方所谓“翻译者即反叛者”（“Traduttore, traditore. ”——“ Translator, traitor. ”）的说法，认为好的译文应该在艺术上胜过原文：“译者运用‘归宿语言 超过作者 运用‘出发语言的本领，或译本在文笔上优于原作 ，都有可能性”。 ⑤Peter Newmark: Communicative and Semantic Translation  On balance, the fact that the British translation theorist and practioner Peter Newmark is globally known is that he introduces two kinds of translation methods and three kinds of text types (expressive text, informative text and vocative text). The methods are semantic translation(语义翻译) and communicative translation（交际翻译). Communicative translation: attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation: attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures (句子结构的)of