Communicative rhetoric 交际修辞课件.pptVIP

1. Science often thrives. → Science often thrives while advancing along circuitous pathways toward unpredictable destinations. Science often thrives while advancing along circuitous pathways toward unpredictable destinations, propelled primarily by human curiosity. 限定成分 (modifier) Rhetoric 修 辞-- Introduction What is rhetoric? Rhetoric means making choices. 1. What is rhetoric? 通过对 语言材料的选择、调整、修饰，使语言美化，更好地交流思想，表情达意。所谓“调整”，主要指依据题旨(subject) 情境 (occasion / context)的需要，对词语、句式、段落篇章作恰当地选择和安排；所谓“修饰”，主要指恰当地选择一些修辞手段、修辞方法，增强语言表达的艺术效能。调整的目的，就是要求语言准确、鲜明，没有丝毫的模糊，也没有丝毫的歧义，使人家清楚、明白。 -- 杨鸿儒《当代中国修辞学》 2. The Classifications of Rhetoric Communicative rhetoric 交际修辞 (Passive rhetoric 消极修辞) Aesthetic rhetoric 美学修辞 (Active rhetoric 积极修辞) The tasks involved Communicative rhetoric交际修辞 Choosing words Choosing sentence patterns Arranging paragraphs Aesthetic rhetoric 美学修辞 Choosing figures of speech (修辞格) 3. The effects that can be achieved by rhetoric Communicative rhetoric concise (简洁) clear (清楚) precise / exact (精确) coherent (流畅) expressive (富于表现力) Aesthetic rhetoric vivid (生动) --To form a picture in your mind. colorful expressive 1. Choosing words 1.1 A specific word a general word 1.1 General words specific words Group 1: A stroll after meal benefits you a good deal. A walk after meal benefits you a good deal. Group 2: Only by sipping can tea be properly tasted. Only by drinking can tea be properly tasted. 1.1 General words specific words Group 3: It is cruel to ridicule people in difficulty. It is cruel to laugh at people in difficulty. Group 4: The trees are crimson with blossoms. The trees are red with blossoms. 1. Choosing words 1.2. To choose more vivid expressions Group 1: She flatly refused him on the ground that he was too poor. She flatly refused him for the reason that he was too poor. Group 2: His manner was bad to the point of rudeness. His manner was bad to the degree of rudeness. (√