土壤条件对澳洲青苹叶片生长与生理特性的影响.docVIP

土壤条件对澳洲青苹叶片生长与生理特性的影响 　　摘 要：以种植于多砾石黏壤土、黏壤土、沙土中的澳洲青苹为试材，通过对叶面积、叶厚、净光合速率、色素含量、根系活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量及抗氧化酶活性等指标测定分析，了解其对不同土壤条件的适应性。结果表明，种植于黏壤土和沙土中的澳洲青苹叶面积极显著高于种植于多砾石黏壤土中的，但叶片厚度以多砾石黏壤土最高；在3种土壤条件下，澳洲青苹的根系活力与色素含量相差较小；黏壤土的叶片净光合速率最低；沙土的叶片MDA含量最高；多砾石黏壤土条件下的澳洲青苹叶片抗氧化酶活性较高。综合各项测试指标及对植株长势的观察认为，澳洲青苹对土壤适应性较强，在3种土壤中均可正常生长，但以在多砾石黏壤土中生长最好。 　　关键?~：土壤条件；澳洲青苹；叶片生长；生理及光合特性 　　中图分类号：S661.1 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.02.002 　　Abstract： Using ‘Granny Smith’ grown in clay loam with gravels， clay loam and sandy loam respectively as materials， some indicators such as leaf area and thickness， net photosynthetic rate， root activity， pigment and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined and analyzed to understand the apple adaptability to different soil conditions. The results showed that the leaf area of the apple grown in clay and sandy loam were very significantly larger than that of the apple planted in clay loam with gravels， but the leaf thickness in clay loam with gravels was the greatest in all. Very small difference existed in root activities and pigment contents in three different soil conditions. The highest leaf MDA content was found in the plants in sandy loam and the lowest leaf net photosynthetic rate emerged in the plants in clay loam. The leaf antioxidant enzyme activity in the plants under the soil condition of clay loam with gravels was relatively higher. According to comprehensive analysis of the indexes and observation of the plant growth， Granny Smith could be considered as a cultivar which could grow well in all the three tested soil conditions， but growth in clay loam with gravels was the best and showed strong adaptability to the soils. 　　Key words： soil condition； Granny Smith； leaf growth； physiological and photosynthetic characteristics 　　澳洲青苹（Granny Smith）原产于澳大利亚，其果实酸度高，风味纯正，是世界知名的用于加工、餐用和鲜食的优良苹果品种，在世界各国多有栽培[1]。在我国，澳洲青苹主要在山西、陕西、河北、甘肃等地栽培，但其产量远不能满足我国对苹果加工的需求。国内外众多学者对澳洲青苹进行了广泛研究，KAREN等[2]研究了环境和第一芽的打破位置对澳洲青苹枝条横向生长的影响；