2015年高考英语 使用被动语态应注意的问题.docVIP

使用被动语态应注意的问题 一、当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时， 谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be/get+过去分词构成，时态通过be/get表现出来。例如： 1）一般现在时：“is/am/are + 过去分词”构成 You are required to do this. 2）一般过去时：“was/were + 过去分词”构成 The story was told by her. 3）一般将来时：“will/shall be + 过去分词”构成 The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 4）现在进行时：“is/am/are being + 过去分词”构成 The question is being discussed in the meeting room. 5）过去进行时：“was/were being + 过去分词”构成 The new road was being made. 6）现在完成时：“has/have been + 过去分词”构成 The novel has been read. 7）过去完成时：“had been + 过去分词”构成 He said that the work had been finished. 8) 过去将来时：“would/should be + 过去分词”构成 He said that the trees would be planted soon. 二、一些特殊的被动结构 1）带情态动词的被动结构：“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”构成 The problem must be solved soon. 2）带不定式的被动结构： The homework needs to be done with care. Their homework is said to have been finished. 3）短语动词的被动结构： 例1）The baby is looked after carefully. 用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待。这类结构有以下几种： ①（不及物）动词+介词：agree to, ask for, call for, laugh at, listen to, look after, operate on, send for, talk about, think of等。 ②（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, take up, think over, turn down, turn out, wipe out, work out等。 ③动词+副词+介词：do away with, face up to（勇敢面对）, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up with等。 例 2) Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. 用于这类被动结构的短语动词最多见的是“动词+名词+介词”这一结构。如：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire /light to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of等。 例 2与例1的不同点在于，它们用于被动时态能有两种形式。第一种形式是把“动词+名词+介词”作为整体看待。第二种形式是把其中的“动词+名词”作为“动词+宾语”的结构处理。 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。例如：We always keep the classroom clean.(比较：The classroom is always kept clean.) 但是，不带to的动词不定式要变成带to 的动词不定式。例如：I heard him go out just now. → He was heard to go out just now. 这类动词有12个。它们是： 二听、五看、一感觉，使役动词有三个，help可带,可不带（to) ，所以把它排在外。 二听：hear, listen to 五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at 一感觉：feel 三个使役动词：h